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Xpdf
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====
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version 3.02
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2007-feb-27
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The Xpdf software and documentation are
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copyright 1996-2007 Glyph & Cog, LLC.
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Email: derekn@foolabs.com
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WWW: http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/
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The PDF data structures, operators, and specification are
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copyright 1985-2006 Adobe Systems Inc.
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What is Xpdf?
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-------------
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Xpdf is an open source viewer for Portable Document Format (PDF)
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files. (These are also sometimes also called 'Acrobat' files, from
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the name of Adobe's PDF software.) The Xpdf project also includes a
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PDF text extractor, PDF-to-PostScript converter, and various other
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utilities.
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Xpdf runs under the X Window System on UNIX, VMS, and OS/2. The non-X
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components (pdftops, pdftotext, etc.) also run on Win32 systems and
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should run on pretty much any system with a decent C++ compiler.
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Xpdf is designed to be small and efficient. It can use Type 1 or
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TrueType fonts.
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Distribution
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------------
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Xpdf is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), version
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2. In my opinion, the GPL is a convoluted, confusing, ambiguous mess.
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But it's also pervasive, and I'm sick of arguing. And even if it is
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confusing, the basic idea is good.
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In order to cut down on the confusion a little bit, here are some
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informal clarifications:
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- I don't mind if you redistribute Xpdf in source and/or binary form,
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as long as you include all of the documentation: README, man pages
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(or help files), and COPYING. (Note that the README file contains a
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pointer to a web page with the source code.)
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- Selling a CD-ROM that contains Xpdf is fine with me, as long as it
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includes the documentation. I wouldn't mind receiving a sample
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copy, but it's not necessary.
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- If you make useful changes to Xpdf, please make the source code
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available -- post it on a web site, email it to me, whatever.
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If you're interested in commercial licensing, please see the Glyph &
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Cog web site:
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http://www.glyphandcog.com/
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Compatibility
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-------------
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Xpdf is developed and tested on a Linux 2.4 x86 system.
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In addition, it has been compiled by others on Solaris, AIX, HP-UX,
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Digital Unix, Irix, and numerous other Unix implementations, as well
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as VMS and OS/2. It should work on pretty much any system which runs
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X11 and has Unix-like libraries. You'll need ANSI C++ and C compilers
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to compile it.
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The non-X components of Xpdf (pdftops, pdftotext, pdfinfo, pdffonts,
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pdftoppm, and pdfimages) can also be compiled on Win32 systems. See
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the Xpdf web page for details.
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If you compile Xpdf for a system not listed on the web page, please
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let me know. If you're willing to make your binary available by ftp
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or on the web, I'll be happy to add a link from the Xpdf web page. I
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have decided not to host any binaries I didn't compile myself (for
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disk space and support reasons).
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If you can't get Xpdf to compile on your system, send me email and
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I'll try to help.
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Xpdf has been ported to the Acorn, Amiga, BeOS, and EPOC. See the
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Xpdf web page for links.
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Getting Xpdf
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------------
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The latest version is available from:
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http://www.foolabs.com/xpdf/
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or:
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ftp://ftp.foolabs.com/pub/xpdf/
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Source code and several precompiled executables are available.
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Announcements of new versions are posted to several newsgroups
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(comp.text.pdf, comp.os.linux.announce, and others) and emailed to a
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list of people. If you'd like to receive email notification of new
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versions, just let me know.
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Running Xpdf
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------------
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To run xpdf, simply type:
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xpdf file.pdf
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To generate a PostScript file, hit the "print" button in xpdf, or run
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pdftops:
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pdftops file.pdf
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To generate a plain text file, run pdftotext:
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pdftotext file.pdf
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There are four additional utilities (which are fully described in
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their man pages):
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pdfinfo -- dumps a PDF file's Info dictionary (plus some other
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useful information)
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pdffonts -- lists the fonts used in a PDF file along with various
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information for each font
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pdftoppm -- converts a PDF file to a series of PPM/PGM/PBM-format
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bitmaps
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pdfimages -- extracts the images from a PDF file
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Command line options and many other details are described in the man
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pages (xpdf.1, etc.) and the VMS help files (xpdf.hlp, etc.).
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Upgrading from Xpdf 2.xx
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------------------------
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WARNING: Xpdf 3.00 switched to a new PDF rasterizer, which no longer
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uses X fonts. You'll need a set of Base-14 fonts -- the URW fonts
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distributed with ghostscript can be used for this. Xpdf will search
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for the URW fonts, but if you have them installed in a non-standard
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directory, you'll need to set up an xpdfrc config file to point to
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them. For full details, please see the xpdfrc(5) man page.
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Compiling Xpdf
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--------------
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See the separate file, INSTALL.
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Bugs
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----
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If you find a bug in Xpdf, i.e., if it prints an error message,
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crashes, or incorrectly displays a document, and you don't see that
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bug listed here, please send me email, with a pointer (URL, ftp site,
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etc.) to the PDF file.
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Acknowledgments
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---------------
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Thanks to:
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* Patrick Voigt for help with the remote server code.
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* Patrick Moreau, Martin P.J. Zinser, and David Mathog for the VMS
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port.
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* David Boldt and Rick Rodgers for sample man pages.
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* Brendan Miller for the icon idea.
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* Olly Betts for help testing pdftotext.
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* Peter Ganten for the OS/2 port.
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* Michael Richmond for the Win32 port of pdftops and pdftotext and the
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xpdf/cygwin/XFree86 build instructions.
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* Frank M. Siegert for improvements in the PostScript code.
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* Leo Smiers for the decryption patches.
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* Rainer Menzner for creating t1lib, and for helping me adapt it to
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xpdf.
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* Pine Tree Systems A/S for funding the OPI and EPS support in
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pdftops.
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* Easy Software Products for funding several improvements to the
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PostScript output code.
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* Tom Kacvinsky for help with FreeType and for being my interface to
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the FreeType team.
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* Theppitak Karoonboonyanan for help with Thai support.
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* Leonard Rosenthol for help and contributions on a bunch of things.
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* Alexandros Diamantidis and Maria Adaloglou for help with Greek
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support.
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* Lawrence Lai for help with the CJK Unicode maps.
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Various people have contributed modifications made for use by the
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pdftex project:
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* Han The Thanh
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* Martin Schr<EFBFBD>der of ArtCom GmbH
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References
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----------
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Adobe Systems Inc., _PDF Reference, sixth edition: Adobe Portable
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Document Format version 1.7_.
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http://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference.html
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[The manual for PDF version 1.7.]
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Adobe Systems Inc., "Errata for the PDF Reference, sixth edition,
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version 1.7", October 16, 2006.
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http://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference.html
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[The errata for the PDF 1.7 spec.]
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Adobe Systems Inc., _PostScript Language Reference_, 3rd ed.
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Addison-Wesley, 1999, ISBN 0-201-37922-8.
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[The official PostScript manual.]
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Adobe Systems, Inc., _The Type 42 Font Format Specification_,
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Adobe Developer Support Technical Specification #5012. 1998.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/pdfs/tn/5012.Type42_Spec.pdf
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[Type 42 is the format used to embed TrueType fonts in PostScript
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files.]
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Adobe Systems, Inc., _Adobe CMap and CIDFont Files Specification_,
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Adobe Developer Support Technical Specification #5014. 1995.
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http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/PDFS/TN/5014.CIDFont_Spec.pdf
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[CMap file format needed for Japanese and Chinese font support.]
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Adobe Systems, Inc., _Adobe-Japan1-4 Character Collection for
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CID-Keyed Fonts_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5078.
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2000.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5078.CID_Glyph.pdf
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[The Adobe Japanese character set.]
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Adobe Systems, Inc., _Adobe-GB1-4 Character Collection for
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CID-Keyed Fonts_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5079.
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2000.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/pdfs/tn/5079.Adobe-GB1-4.pdf
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[The Adobe Chinese GB (simplified) character set.]
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Adobe Systems, Inc., _Adobe-CNS1-3 Character Collection for
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CID-Keyed Fonts_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5080.
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2000.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5080.CNS_CharColl.pdf
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[The Adobe Chinese CNS (traditional) character set.]
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Adobe Systems Inc., _Supporting the DCT Filters in PostScript Level
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2_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5116. 1992.
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http://www.adobe.com/supportservice/devrelations/PDFS/TN/5116.PS2_DCT.PDF
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[Description of the DCTDecode filter parameters.]
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Adobe Systems Inc., _Open Prepress Interface (OPI) Specification -
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Version 2.0_, Adobe Developer Support Technical Note #5660. 2000.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/5660.OPI_2.0.pdf
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Adobe Systems Inc., CMap files.
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ftp://ftp.oreilly.com/pub/examples/nutshell/cjkv/adobe/
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[The actual CMap files for the 16-bit CJK encodings.]
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Adobe Systems Inc., Unicode glyph lists.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/unicodegn.html
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/glyphlist.txt
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/corporateuse.txt
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/type/zapfdingbats.txt
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[Mappings between character names to Unicode.]
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Adobe Systems Inc., OpenType Specification v. 1.4.
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http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/opentype/index_spec.html
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[The OpenType font format spec.]
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Aldus Corp., _OPI: Open Prepress Interface Specification 1.3_. 1993.
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http://partners.adobe.com/asn/developer/PDFS/TN/OPI_13.pdf
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Anonymous, RC4 source code.
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ftp://ftp.ox.ac.uk/pub/crypto/misc/rc4.tar.gz
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ftp://idea.sec.dsi.unimi.it/pub/crypt/code/rc4.tar.gz
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[This is the algorithm used to encrypt PDF files.]
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T. Boutell, et al., "PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification,
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Version 1.0". RFC 2083.
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[PDF uses the PNG filter algorithms.]
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CCITT, "Information Technology - Digital Compression and Coding of
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Continuous-tone Still Images - Requirements and Guidelines", CCITT
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Recommendation T.81.
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http://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/
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[The official JPEG spec.]
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A. Chernov, "Registration of a Cyrillic Character Set". RFC 1489.
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|
[Documentation for the KOI8-R Cyrillic encoding.]
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Roman Czyborra, "The ISO 8859 Alphabet Soup".
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http://czyborra.com/charsets/iso8859.html
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|
[Documentation on the various ISO 859 encodings.]
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L. Peter Deutsch, "ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification version
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|
3.3". RFC 1950.
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[Information on the general format used in FlateDecode streams.]
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L. Peter Deutsch, "DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification
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|
version 1.3". RFC 1951.
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[The definition of the compression algorithm used in FlateDecode
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|
streams.]
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Morris Dworkin, "Recommendation for Block Cipher Modes of Operation",
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|
National Institute of Standards, NIST Special Publication 800-38A,
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|
2001.
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|
[The cipher block chaining (CBC) mode used with AES in PDF files.]
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Federal Information Processing Standards Publication 197 (FIPS PUBS
|
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|
197), "Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)", November 26, 2001.
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|
[AES encryption, used in PDF 1.6.]
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|
Jim Flowers, "X Logical Font Description Conventions", Version 1.5, X
|
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|
Consortium Standard, X Version 11, Release 6.1.
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|
ftp://ftp.x.org/pub/R6.1/xc/doc/hardcopy/XLFD/xlfd.PS.Z
|
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[The official specification of X font descriptors, including font
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|
transformation matrices.]
|
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Foley, van Dam, Feiner, and Hughes, _Computer Graphics: Principles and
|
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|
|
Practice_, 2nd ed. Addison-Wesley, 1990, ISBN 0-201-12110-7.
|
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|
|
[Colorspace conversion functions, Bezier spline math.]
|
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|
Robert L. Hummel, _Programmer's Technical Reference: Data and Fax
|
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|
|
Communications_. Ziff-Davis Press, 1993, ISBN 1-56276-077-7.
|
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|
|
[CCITT Group 3 and 4 fax decoding.]
|
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|
ISO/IEC, _Information technology -- Lossy/lossless coding of bi-level
|
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|
|
|
images_. ISO/IEC 14492, First edition (2001-12-15).
|
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|
http://webstore.ansi.org/
|
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|
|
|
[The official JBIG2 standard. The final draft of this spec is
|
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|
|
available from http://www.jpeg.org/jbighomepage.html.]
|
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ISO/IEC, _Information technology -- JPEG 2000 image coding system --
|
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|
|
Part 1: Core coding system_. ISO/IEC 15444-1, First edition
|
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|
|
(2000-12-15).
|
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|
|
|
http://webstore.ansi.org/
|
|
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|
|
|
[The official JPEG 2000 standard. The final committee draft of this
|
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|
|
|
spec is available from http://www.jpeg.org/JPEG2000.html, but there
|
|
|
|
|
|
were changes made to the bitstream format between that draft and the
|
|
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|
|
|
published spec.]
|
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|
ITU, "Standardization of Group 3 facsimile terminals for document
|
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|
|
|
|
transmission", ITU-T Recommendation T.4, 1999.
|
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|
ITU, "Facsimile coding schemes and coding control functions for Group 4
|
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|
|
|
facsimile apparatus", ITU-T Recommendation T.6, 1993.
|
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|
|
http://www.itu.int/
|
|
|
|
|
|
[The official Group 3 and 4 fax standards - used by the CCITTFaxDecode
|
|
|
|
|
|
stream, as well as the JBIG2Decode stream.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
B. Kaliski, "PKCS #5: Password-Based Cryptography Specification,
|
|
|
|
|
|
Version 2.0". RFC 2898.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Defines the padding scheme used with AES encryption in PDF files.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Christoph Loeffler, Adriaan Ligtenberg, George S. Moschytz, "Practical
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fast 1-D DCT Algorithms with 11 Multiplications". IEEE Intl. Conf. on
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acoustics, Speech & Signal Processing, 1989, 988-991.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[The fast IDCT algorithm used in the DCTDecode filter.]
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Microsoft, _TrueType 1.0 Font Files_, rev. 1.66. 1995.
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.microsoft.com/typography/tt/tt.htm
|
|
|
|
|
|
[The TrueType font spec (in MS Word format, naturally).]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Ostromoukhov, R.D. Hersch, "Stochastic Clustered-Dot Dithering",
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conf. Color Imaging: Device-Independent Color, Color Hardcopy, and
|
|
|
|
|
|
Graphic Arts IV, 1999, SPIE Vol. 3648, 496-505.
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://diwww.epfl.ch/w3lsp/publications/colour/scd.html
|
|
|
|
|
|
[The stochastic dithering algorithm used in Xpdf.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Peterlin, "ISO 8859-2 (Latin 2) Resources".
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://sizif.mf.uni-lj.si/linux/cee/iso8859-2.html
|
|
|
|
|
|
[This is a web page with all sorts of useful Latin-2 character set and
|
|
|
|
|
|
font information.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Charles Poynton, "Color FAQ".
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.inforamp.net/~poynton/ColorFAQ.html
|
|
|
|
|
|
[The mapping from the CIE 1931 (XYZ) color space to RGB.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Rivest, "The MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm". RFC 1321.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[MD5 is used in PDF document encryption.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thai Industrial Standard, "Standard for Thai Character Codes for
|
|
|
|
|
|
Computers", TIS-620-2533 (1990).
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.nectec.or.th/it-standards/std620/std620.htm
|
|
|
|
|
|
[The TIS-620 Thai encoding.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unicode Consortium, "Unicode Home Page".
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.unicode.org/
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Online copy of the Unicode spec.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W3C Recommendation, "PNG (Portable Network Graphics) Specification
|
|
|
|
|
|
Version 1.0".
|
|
|
|
|
|
http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Defines the PNG image predictor.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gregory K. Wallace, "The JPEG Still Picture Compression Standard".
|
|
|
|
|
|
ftp://ftp.uu.net/graphics/jpeg/wallace.ps.gz
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Good description of the JPEG standard. Also published in CACM, April
|
|
|
|
|
|
1991, and submitted to IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Yergeau, "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646". RFC 2279.
|
|
|
|
|
|
[A commonly used Unicode encoding.]
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